Bone Marrow Transplant
A bone marrow transplant, also known as a hematopoietic stem cell transplant, is a medical procedure that replaces damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy bone marrow. Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside your bones that produces blood cells. 

Type of Bone Marrow Transplant

​Autologous BMT

This type of transplant uses your own healthy bone marrow cells. It is often used to treat cancers such as lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
​

Allogeneic BMT

 This type of transplant uses bone marrow cells from a donor whose tissue type closely matches yours. It is often used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and sickle cell anemia.  ​

Umbilical Cord BMT

 This type of transplant uses stem cells collected from the umbilical cord blood of a newborn. It is often used to treat children with leukemia or other blood disorders.  

​The Bone Marrow Transplant Process

​The bone marrow transplant process typically involves the following steps:
  1. Pre-transplant evaluation: This includes a physical exam, blood tests, and imaging tests to assess your overall health and determine if you are a good candidate for a bone marrow transplant.  
  2. Conditioning: This involves high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy to destroy your existing bone marrow and any cancer cells.  
  3. Transplantation: The healthy bone marrow cells are infused into your bloodstream through a central venous catheter.  
  4. Engraftment: The transplanted cells travel to your bone marrow and begin producing new blood cells.  
  5. Recovery: You will be closely monitored for complications, such as infection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).  

Risks and Complications

Bone marrow transplants are complex procedures with potential risks and complications, including:
  • Infection: You are at increased risk of infection because your immune system is weakened by the conditioning chemotherapy and/or radiation.   
  • Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): This occurs when the donor's immune cells attack your body's tissues. GVHD can range from mild to life-threatening.   
  • Bleeding: You may experience bleeding due to low platelet counts.   
  • Anemia: You may develop anemia due to low red blood cell counts.   
  • Fatigue: You may experience fatigue due to the conditioning chemotherapy and/or radiation.   
  • Other complications: Other potential complications include mouth sores, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, and infertility.

Success Rates
The success rate of bone marrow transplants varies depending on several factors, including the type of transplant, the underlying disease, and the patient's overall health. However, bone marrow transplants can be a life-saving treatment for many people with cancer and other blood disorders.   

If you are considering a bone marrow transplant, it is important to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of the procedure. Your doctor can help you determine if a bone marrow transplant is right for you.
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